We use and prioritize between a number of memberships at Large Scale facilities and recommends the most effective activities aimed at accessing facilities.

The primary recommendations are:
Continued membership of the internationally leading facilities within the three areas: ESRF (synchrotron based research), EU-XFEL (XFEL based research) and ILL (neutron based research). From 2023 onwards, the ESS will gradually take over the role of ILL.
Strategic use of MAX IV and PSI as facilities that play a crucial role in relation to volume, training of new users, regional initiatives, and support of the strategic and industry-related research.

Supporting the national ESS strategy focusing on the establishment of lighthouses and one capacity expansion in the neutron range, from about 120 users today to approx. 300 users in 2025.

4DMAP use of external large scale facilites

General

• 4DMAP studies a wide range of material physics by neutron and x-ray scattering techniques at large scale facilities such as synchrotrons, x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), and reactor and spallation neutron sources. Access to the instruments at such facilities is generally granted through peer reviewed scientific applications for beamtime.
• 4DMAP is taking part in instrument development projects for e.g. ESRF in Grenoble, the European XFEL in Hamburg, as well as the European Spallation Soruce (ESS) in Lund.
• 4DMAP develops and maintains the McStas and McXtrace simulation software for design of instruments for neutron- and X-ray sources.
• 4DMAP  further specializes in data analysis algorithms and have developed software for both fast dynamics experiments at Synchrotrons and XFELs, Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction (3DXRD) Microscopy at synchrotrons and for Three-Dimensional Neutron Diffraction (3DND) Microscopy at neutron sources.

List of the main Large Scale Facilities used in NEXMAP (alphabetic) 

APS, Argonne, USA 

• 4DMAP group members have long-standing collaborations with the scientists at both the time-resolved beamlines 7 ID, 11 ID-D, and the high-energy X-ray scattering beamline 1 ID.

Deutsches Elektronen Synkrotron (DESY), Hamburg DE 

• Home of the PETRA-III synchrotron. A 3DXRD microscope is currently being installed at the High Energy Materials Science (HEMS) beamline. 4DMAP members have been involved in developing data analysis algorithms for this instrument. Further, 4DMAP staff is involved in developing new detection strategies with the P01 beamline and in time resolved electrochemical studies at P08.

European Spallation Source (ESS), Lund SE

• 4DMAP group members participate in projects aimed at performing McStas instrument simulations and MCNPX neutronics simulations related to the design of ESS and its instruments, as well as projects to design and develop specific instruments and instrumentation concepts for ESS. This work is funded by the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation and involves scientists from 4 Danish Universities (The Technical University of Denmark, The University of Copenhagen, Aarhus University and the University of Southern Denmark) partnering with the Swiss research institutions (The Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) http://www.psi.ch and cole polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne (EPFL) http://www.epfl.ch).
• 4DMAP and ESS are also financing a PhD student to study diffraction based tomography methodologies.

European Synchrotron Resarch Facility (ESRF), Grenoble FR

• 4DMAP studies a wide range of material physics by neutron and x-ray scattering techniques at large scale facilities such as synchrotrons, x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), and reactor and spallation neutron sources. Access to the instruments at such facilities is generally granted through peer reviewed scientific applications for beamtime.
• The brightest synchrotron in Europe
• Home of the Materials Science Beamline ID11 where the dedicated Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction (3DXRD) Microscope is installed. The instrument was developed in collaboration between ESRF and 4DMAP  members to study the evolution of 3D structures in polycrystalline materials.
• Home of the ID09B beamline that has pioneered the development of time-resolved x-ray science. The instrument allows studies of phenomena and excited state systems with a lifetime down to 50-100 ps. During the past decade, the NEXMAP staff has performed several experiments at ID09B, a significant number of which have set new standards in the community of time-resolved x-ray scattering.
• At ID-6 new optics and instrumentation is being developed in order to facilitate 3D characterization of materials at the nanometer length scale.

European XFEL (E-XFEL), Hamburg DE

• The E-XFEL is set to surpass the role of the LCLS as the worlds most powerful XFEL when it becomes operational in the near future. NEXMAP group members are closely involved with the design and delivery of key components for the FXE (Femto-second X-ray Experiments) instrument in collaboration with the Danish company JJ X-Ray. User operation at the E-XFEL is expected to commence in 2016. 4DMAP staff is centrally placed in committees and in the Council of E-XFEL.

Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble FR 

• The worlds most intense research reactor for neutron scattering studies. Denmark is a member of ILL.
• Home to a suite of important instruments, including e.g. the IN8, IN14, IN20 and IN22 triple-axis spectrometers, the IN4, IN5 and IN6 time-of-flight (TOF) chopper spectrometers, the D2B and D20 diffractometers.

ISIS, Didcot near Oxford UK

• Currently the most intense spallation neutron source in Europe
• Open to beamtime applications from all of EU
• Home to important TOF instruments spectrometers like MARI, MAPS, HET and LET, inverted geometry TOF instruments like IRIS and OSIRIS and diffractometers like GEM, HRPD and WISH.

LCLS at SLAC, Stanford, USA 

• The worlds first - and presently most powerful X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL). At the X-ray Pump Probe (XPP) end station, 4DMAP group members have performed and assisted in various experiments since the commissioning of the end station in the fall of 2010, and continues a close contact with the beamline including stationing of PhD students at SLAC.

MAXLab and MAX IV, Lund SE

• 4DMAP staff is involved in the design and planning of the FEMTO max beamline for x-ray studies of ultrafast material physics
• 4DMAP'ers are involved in the proposed Danish beamline for nano- and materials research that has been placed on the National Infrastructure Roadmap.
• The vicinity of this already operating X-ray source makes collaboration very easy and 4DMAP has lots of other ongoing and planned interactions with MAXLab, e.g. the DTU scattering course typically includes experiments at MAXLab.

Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen CH 

• Home of the SINQ (Swiss Intense Neutron Source http://www.psi.ch/sinq/) including the RITA-II triple-axis spectrometer. RITA-II was designed and constructed at the former Ris National Laboratory and is used for neutron scattering experiments on superconductors, ferroelectrics and other advanced materials. Practical exercises at RITA-II is typically part of the DTU scattering course.
• Home of the SLS (Swiss Light Source http://www.psi.ch/sls/) including the FEMTO instrument used for ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy and scattering, and the versatile cSAXS beamline.
• Home to the worlds most powerful muon source SS (Swiss Muon Source https://www.psi.ch/smus/) used for studies of magnetism and superconductors
• Future home of the Swiss free electron laser (SwissFEL http://www.psi.ch/swissfel/)

SACLA near Kyoto, JP

• The worlds second operating hard X-ray free-electron laser. Members of the 4DMAP group were among the first users to gain access to the instrument and perform x-ray experiments on the femtosecond time-scale in the summer of 2012.

Spring-8 near Kyoto, JP

• The world's largest third-generation synchrotron radiation facility. 3DXRD experiments can now be performed at the imaging beamline BL20XU, and a number of 4DMAP'ers organized and participated in a data analysis workshop in 2012 to attract more Japanese users.